They also had a video interface. A year later, in , Jobs and Wozniak introduced the Apple II, which included color graphics and housed its electronics inside a plastic case. Soon, there were more than 15, applications available for the machine. This was the first mass marketed personal computer, and it took Apple to a new realm of success. In , Apple designed its revolutionary Lisa computer. That same year, Wozniak was issued U.
Lisa, which finally hit the marketplace in , was followed by the development of Macintosh, which introduced users to the now-familiar icon-rich interface, navigable by computer mouse. This interface has served as a model for virtually every consumer operating system maker in the world ever since. Apple Computer went public in , making its founders multi-millionaires. Jobs became chairman while Markkula took on the role of president. Wozniak left Apple after a plane crash damaged his memory in though he has remained, officially, an Apple employee to this day.
Jobs, meanwhile, continued to work on product development at Apple until when he left the company amid a power struggle with its then-president and CEO John Sculley.
In , Jobs started a new computer products company, called NeXT, which he hoped would compete with Apple. This venture was unsuccessful in terms of hardware, but it did introduce object-oriented programming, which helps tremendously in streamlining software development processes. Within a decade, Pixar had turned into a feature film-making powerhouse. Following his accident and subsequent recovery, Wozniak went on to found numerous ventures, including CL 9, the company responsible for the first programmable universal remote control.
Called one of "Silicon Valley's most creative engineers," in , he joined Mitchell Kapor in establishing the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organization that provides legal aid for computer hackers facing criminal prosecution. In , he joined the Salt Lake City-based start-up Fusion-io as its chief scientist. The highly anticipated biopic Jobs was released in and featured actor Ashton Kutcher as Apple co-founder Jobs and comedic actor Josh Gad as Wozniak.
In addition to the negative critiques that the film received, Wozniak himself gave the film a negative review on the website Gizmodo. In his analysis, he wrote, "I felt bad for many people I know well who were portrayed wrongly in their interactions with Jobs and the company.
Kutcher responded by claiming that the film lost the support of Wozniak because he was already supporting another film that depicted the life of the technology mogul. He also said that Wozniak was "extremely unavailable" during the filmmaking process. Not one to flaunt his personal life, Wozniak is married to Janet Hill, an Apple education development executive.
We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Wozniak and Jobs both belonged to the Homebrew Computer Club, one of many users' groups that sprung up in the mid s when personal computers where just taking off.
This boom in personal computers owed its existence to the development of the microprocessor in In the first personal computer kit, the Altair , was announced. Orders for it poured in, though the computer couldn't do very much once it was assembled.
In Wozniak couldn't afford an Altair. So he built his own computer, using a cheaper microprocessor and adding several memory chips. As a circuit board alone, it could do more than the Altair. He and Jobs called it Apple I, and Jobs took on the task of marketing it while Wozniak continued to improve it.
By , Wozniak had built Apple II and quit his day job.
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